15. INCOME TAXES

The Company provides for income taxes using an asset and liability approach under which deferred income taxes are provided for based upon enacted tax laws and rates applicable to periods in which the taxes become payable.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $589,000 and an income tax expense $79,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company had $2.1 million of undistributed earnings and profits generated by a foreign subsidiary (Solutions Infini) for which no deferred tax liabilities have been recorded, since the Company intends to indefinitely reinvest such earnings in the subsidiary to fund the international operations and certain obligations of the subsidiary. Should the above undistributed earnings be distributed in the form of dividends or otherwise, the distributions would result in $321,000 of tax expense.

The Company files income tax returns in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions including Italy, India, and Switzerland. As of March 31, 2020, the tax years 2007 through the current period remain open to examination in each of the major jurisdictions in which the Company is subject to tax.